//org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.Analyzer.scala
  lazy val batches: Seq[Batch] = Seq( //不同Batch代表不同的解析策略
    Batch("Substitution", fixedPoint,
      CTESubstitution,
      WindowsSubstitution,
      EliminateUnions,
      new SubstituteUnresolvedOrdinals(conf)),
    Batch("Resolution", fixedPoint,
      ResolveTableValuedFunctions ::
      ResolveRelations ::  //通过catalog解析表或列基本数据类型,命名等信息
      ResolveReferences :: //解析从子节点的操作生成的属性，一般是别名引起的，比如people.age
      ResolveCreateNamedStruct ::
      ResolveDeserializer ::
      ResolveNewInstance ::
      ResolveUpCast ::
      ResolveGroupingAnalytics ::
      ResolvePivot ::
      ResolveOrdinalInOrderByAndGroupBy ::
      ResolveMissingReferences ::
      ExtractGenerator ::
      ResolveGenerate ::
      ResolveFunctions :: //解析基本函数,如max,min,agg
      ResolveAliases ::
      ResolveSubquery :: //解析AST中的字查询信息
      ResolveWindowOrder ::
      ResolveWindowFrame ::
      ResolveNaturalAndUsingJoin ::
      ExtractWindowExpressions ::
      GlobalAggregates :: //解析全局的聚合函数，比如select sum(score) from table
      ResolveAggregateFunctions ::
      TimeWindowing ::
      ResolveInlineTables ::
      TypeCoercion.typeCoercionRules ++
      extendedResolutionRules : _*),
    Batch("Nondeterministic", Once,
      PullOutNondeterministic),
    Batch("UDF", Once,
      HandleNullInputsForUDF),
    Batch("FixNullability", Once,
      FixNullability),
    Batch("Cleanup", fixedPoint,
      CleanupAliases)
  )

//@see http://blog.csdn.net/oopsoom/article/details/38121259
//org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer.Optimizer.scala
  def batches: Seq[Batch] = {
    // Technically some of the rules in Finish Analysis are not optimizer rules and belong more
    // in the analyzer, because they are needed for correctness (e.g. ComputeCurrentTime).
    // However, because we also use the analyzer to canonicalized queries (for view definition),
    // we do not eliminate subqueries or compute current time in the analyzer.
    Batch("Finish Analysis", Once,
      EliminateSubqueryAliases,
      ReplaceExpressions,
      ComputeCurrentTime,
      GetCurrentDatabase(sessionCatalog),
      RewriteDistinctAggregates) ::
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Optimizer rules start here
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // - Do the first call of CombineUnions before starting the major Optimizer rules,
    //   since it can reduce the number of iteration and the other rules could add/move
    //   extra operators between two adjacent Union operators.
    // - Call CombineUnions again in Batch("Operator Optimizations"),
    //   since the other rules might make two separate Unions operators adjacent.
    Batch("Union", Once,
      CombineUnions) ::
    Batch("Subquery", Once,
      OptimizeSubqueries) ::
    Batch("Replace Operators", fixedPoint,
      ReplaceIntersectWithSemiJoin,
      ReplaceExceptWithAntiJoin,
      ReplaceDistinctWithAggregate) ::
    Batch("Aggregate", fixedPoint,
      RemoveLiteralFromGroupExpressions,
      RemoveRepetitionFromGroupExpressions) ::
    Batch("Operator Optimizations", fixedPoint,
      // Operator push down
      PushProjectionThroughUnion,
      ReorderJoin,
      EliminateOuterJoin,
      PushPredicateThroughJoin, //谓词下推之一
      PushDownPredicate, //谓词下推之一
      LimitPushDown,
      ColumnPruning, //列值剪裁,常用于聚合操作,join左右孩子操作,合并相邻project列
      InferFiltersFromConstraints,
      // Operator combine
      CollapseRepartition,
      CollapseProject,
      CollapseWindow,
      CombineFilters, //谓词下推之一,合并两个相邻的Filter。合并2个节点，就可以减少树的深度从而减少重复执行过滤的代价
      CombineLimits, //合并Limits
      CombineUnions,
      // Constant folding and strength reduction
      NullPropagation,
      FoldablePropagation,
      OptimizeIn(conf),
      ConstantFolding, //常量累加之一
      ReorderAssociativeOperator,
      LikeSimplification,
      BooleanSimplification, //常量累加之一,布尔表达式的提前短路
      SimplifyConditionals,
      RemoveDispensableExpressions,
      SimplifyBinaryComparison,
      PruneFilters,
      EliminateSorts,
      SimplifyCasts,
      SimplifyCaseConversionExpressions,
      RewriteCorrelatedScalarSubquery,
      EliminateSerialization,
      RemoveRedundantAliases,
      RemoveRedundantProject) ::
    Batch("Check Cartesian Products", Once,
      CheckCartesianProducts(conf)) ::
    Batch("Decimal Optimizations", fixedPoint,
      DecimalAggregates) ::
    Batch("Typed Filter Optimization", fixedPoint,
      CombineTypedFilters) ::
    Batch("LocalRelation", fixedPoint,
      ConvertToLocalRelation,
      PropagateEmptyRelation) ::
    Batch("OptimizeCodegen", Once,
      OptimizeCodegen(conf)) ::
    Batch("RewriteSubquery", Once,
      RewritePredicateSubquery,
      CollapseProject) :: Nil
  }